krakatau II

anak krakatau

merbabu > wikipedia's source, the peak Krakatau eruption lasted two days, since August 26 August 27 noon to noon. Initial explosion itself is starting three weeks earlier, 20 May 1883.

Matter of volcanoes, Indonesia is great.
Two mountain eruption in Indonesia is ranked 1 and 2 as the most off the explosion throughout history.

Krakatau eruption on 26-27 August 1883 reached volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 6 / Colossal. Victims reached 36,417 people (official Dutch records), including all 3 thousand inhabitants sebesi island and about a thousand people on the beach Rather, Lampung, which is seared by the hot cloud Krakatau (Pyroclastic_flow), the rest is indirect, such as the tsunami. The number of victims is already 3 percent of the world population was around 1.25 million.
VEI 6 occurred around once a century, has occurred 11 times since going Christian.

mounth tambora

Four times more powerful is the Krakatau eruption of Mount Tambora eruption on 10-11 April 1815 reached a VEI 7 / Super-Colossal. Victims of more than 71 thousand people, including more than 11 thousand inhabitants live by letusannya. The number of victims is already 7 percent of the world population was not 1 million. Impact of climate change on the explosion in such a great year so that the historical record in 1816 as the year without summer.
VEI 7 going around once a millennium, recent 2-Christian times since.

the rest of the Toba eruption.

If the extended coverage, there is one more eruption of a mountain in the more powerful of them, namely Mount Toba eruption that occurred 73 Ka (Killo Annum) BP (Before Present), which reached VEI 9 / mega-colossal. VEI 9 occurred less than 10 millennium, the new 2 occurs 100 times in the last millennium.

Krakatau explosion is still less than the eruption of Mount Toba and Mount Tambora in Indonesia, Gunung Tanpo in New Zealand and Mt Katmal in Alaska. However, these mountains in the remote detonate the human population is very small. Meanwhile, when Mount Krakatau erupt, the human population is dense enough, science and technology has developed, is found telegraph, and cable have been installed under the sea. Thus it can be said that while information technology is growing and developing rapidly. 

Noted that the eruption of Mount Krakatau is the first great disaster in the world after the invention of telegraph under the sea. Progress is, unfortunately, has not been offset by progress in the field of geology. The geologist was not even able to give explanations on the explosion is.

map indonesian volcanoes

Reference:
- En.wikipedia.org / wiki / Krakatoa
- En.wikipedia.org / wiki / Volcanic_Explosivity_Index
- En.wikipedia.org / wiki / List_of_deadliest_natural_disasters
- En.wikipedia.org / wiki / Pyroclastic_flow
- En.wikipedia.org / wiki / World_population
- En.wikipedia.org / wiki / Year_Without_a_Summer
 

karakatau / krakatoa I

krakatau at night day

merbabu >  on 27 August 1883 at 10:20 WIB one quarter of a century ago, in 1883, a volcano erupt in the Sunda. Mount Krakatau (Krakatoa call the west) at that time that dangle on the island of Krakatau spew anger with strength equivalent to 200 megaton TNT. Know the origin, the amount of TNT is equivalent to 13,000 times Little Boy, the atomic bomb on Hiroshima Japan crush on in 1945. Really terrible.

Virulence Krakatau eruption can be seen also from the number of victims killed. As many as 36,417 people stretch the life of the blast, 165 settlements from the surface of the earth, lost, and 132 villages destroyed. Krakatau eruption trigger also feels that the occurrence of tsunami to the west coast of Hawaii and the United States, a distance that for many unprecedented as far. Ships that are in South Africa seems to float because of the tsunami that from this end of the island of Java.

The record made Krakatau: the sound explosion sound to the East Perth in the distance of 3110 kilometers and at the western population in Rodrigues, Mauritius near the 5000 km distance could hear the sound Krakatau eruption. This means that the population around the eighth planet earth can hear Krakatau are terrible rage.

krakatau at afternoon

After the explosion, the planet had a dark gray closed vulaknis covering the atmosphere. sunlight is not able to penetrate the thickness of dust fly. Know the origin, Krakatau up 25 cubic kilometers of stone and ash into the air.

london news

ENTRY photos that decorate this is from the Illustrated London News published on 8 September 1883 (you can buy a replica of the newspaper front page is worth 184 dollars on Amazon). Meanwhile in 1927 a mountain of birth of the former location of Mount Krakatau. He called the Son of Krakatau.
 

merapi II

the peak of Merapi in 1930

Merapi at this time

merbabu >  This is one of the mountain, the most active of the world. because until now Merapi continues to show activity.
Throughout its history, has been estimated at Merapi erupt more than 100 times. Start sometime It erupts. However, after a tradition in Indonesia in the century-5, in the new century-9 have important information about the eruption of Merapi is very large. Previously, experts estimate it is only suspected based on the sediment (soil layer)
Then, about eleven centuries past, standing in a large kingdom, Mataram (Hindu). Because the king Rakai Sumba Dyah wawa ended with the sudden, experts connect to the eruption of Merapi.

Merapi refugees 1961

According to RW van Bemmelen in his book The Geology of Indonesia (1949), very extraordinary explosion and cause most of the peak of Merapi vanish, even layer of soil will erase southwest fold increase, among others, formed the Mount Gendol. Burst is also accompanied by an earthquake, flood lava, ash and rain, and stones that chilling (Indonesian National History II, 1985, pp. 155).
This natural disaster, as determined by the archeologists Boechari-deep-field epigraphy can damage the capital of Medang settlements and some areas in Central Java. By the community, this is called pralaya disaster or destruction of the world. Major disaster in a century which is estimated to Mataram in the 9-to-10.
Which implied, Rukam inscription (Saka 829 or 907 BC) mentioned the dedication Rukam village by Nini Haji Rakryan Sanjiwana the village affected volcanic eruptions. Most likely, the volcano Merapi. This is because the inscription found in the area Rukam Temanggung, Central Java.
Maybe going back to the 1672 eruption. Babad Tanah manuscript classic cow say so, "At the same time with the eruption of Merapi, intimidating bluster. Mixed with a large stone fly collide fire. If observed, such as hail. Lava flows in the river quickly. Many villages were destroyed and buried. Many people died in rural areas, people who fear lunge Mataram hot lava and ash rain "(Bambang Soelist, 2002).

victims of Merapi in 1930

Due to the eruption, the sky above the kingdom of Mataram (Islam) according to the newspaper darkness for 24 hours. Events occurred on August 4, 1672, when the property in the Netherlands Marken ship in the Indian Ocean, south Kedu. Merapi eruption 3000 people eat the victim, not including the rice fields, gardens, and other property (djulianto susiantio 2006)

soekarno see the victim in selo, Boyolali

Temple 
How terrible disaster Merapi first epoch, among others recorded impressions of the findings Sambisari temple (8th century). The temple is located some kilometers from Prambanan Temple is found in the depth of about seven meters. 
Because the forms are still relatively intact, the person interpreting the earthquake is not due to the close, but the material that cover the mountain of fire. 
From the results of research material comes from vulkanik materials. Thus clearly Merapi eruption so powerful, especially if be, the location Sambisari temple is located in the radius of a dozen kilometers from Merapi. 
In addition Sambisari, temple-temple that had been the victim of Merapi is Kajangkoso, Asu, Pendem, Gebang, Morangan, Kedulan, Purwomartani, and Pacitan. 
Many objects arkeologis also been found from around Merapi. Not be denied, many times Merapi eruption was bury ancient cities in the surrounding areas. Unfortunately, until now the archeologists have not been found ancient cities that. 
Kendalanya is that many sites have been closed land settlements, plantations, and rice field population. Therefore, the urban research sites need financing and time is very large. This is because the urban areas to find the site, archeologists have to do ekskavasi horizontally and bulk. 

various sources

merapi I

mount merapi is one of the most active in the mountains indonesian, even the world.

old growth mount merapi in the early pleistocene that ended with the collapse of large building may be arround 2000 years ago. merapi last eruption occurred in 2006 ago. cause the victim soul 2 people volunteer mountain.

merapi mountain merbabu side by side with the north.  the southern boundary with yogyakarta,  west of the district magelang are just east of boyolali and klaten distict.

current status of mount merapi and merbabu change to national park of merapi. beside merbabu and merapi is one of the goals for the climber from all over the world, as have any attaction for the lovers the nature.